It is not the purpose of this paper to exploit the advantages and possibilities of each method of urography but rather to evaluate honestly the indications and contraindications for each. Current procedural terminology urography, retrograde, with. Ct urography ctu is an imaging method tailored specifically for the evaluation of the upper urothelial tract and urinary bladder. Pyelolymphatic and pyelosinus backflow may also be seen on excretory urography, but neither pyelovenous nor pyelotubular can be. Antegrade and retrograde pyelography linkedin slideshare.
Pdf retrograde pyelogram during intended cystogram. A retrograde pyelogram is a urologic procedure where the physician injects a radiocontrast agent into the ureter in order to visualize the ureter and kidney with fluoroscopy or radiography. Although excretory and retrograde urography have individual advantages, they frequently are of. Apr 12, 2015 step by step instructions on how to perform a retrograde urethrogram in an adult patient. Retrograde urography consists of passing a catheter or cystoscope into the bladder and then proximally into the ureters before injecting the contrast dye.
Retrogradeanterograde urography pyelography springerlink. Retrograde urography differs from excretory urography in that the contrast medium is injected directly into the kidney by means of a percutaneous injection throught the skin. Retrograde pyelography uses a special dye contrast agent. Comparison of a retrograde pyelogram and an intravenous urogram ivu in a patient. Retrograde urography definition of retrograde urography at.
Because of accuracy in diagnosis and the controlling power throughout the course of most maladies of the urinary tract, afforded by their. These observations suggest that urography is associated with a small but definite risk in patients who have multiple myeloma and renal involvement. Mar 12, 2015 retrograde urography procedure retrograde urography is usually taken in ap projection and positioned the patient in modified litothomy position, retrograde urography is an examination of kidneys, ureters and bladder with the use and administration of contrast media. Selected answer pane ls question 4 36 out of 36 points. The effect of urography on renal function in patients with. This may represent the biggest concern tampering the widespread use of ct urography in the daily clinical practice, particularly when performed in young patients i. Hematuria can signify serious disease, such as urothelial cell carcinoma, renal cell cancer or urinary tract stones. Jun 28, 2019 retrograde pyelography is a procedure commonly used by urologists involving xray imaging to visualize the kidneys, bladder and ureters. Retrograde pyelography was the first method devised for imaging the urinary collecting system, and until the development of early ivu agents in the 1930s, it was the only way of imaging the collecting system. In the developed world, however, it has increasingly been replaced by contrast computed tomography of the urinary tract ct urography, which gives greater detail of anatomy and function.
But in some genera the larvae become developed either into hermaphrodites having the ordinary structure, or into what i have called complemental males. This procedure is performed with cystoscopy by placement of an endoscopic camera via the urethra into the bladder. Retrograde pyelography is a form of xray used to get detailed pictures of the ureters and kidneys. Study of role of magnetic resonance urography mru and. Retrograde definition of retrograde by merriamwebster. Tf retrograde urography differs from excretory urography in that the contrast medium is injected directly into the kidney by means of a percutaneous injection through the skin. Jul 24, 2019 ct urography an atlas pdf story time just got better with prime book box, a subscription that delivers hand picked childrens books every 1, 2, or 3 months at 40% off list price.
It is better suited to see the definition of the upper urinary tract. From the urologic and xray departments of the jefferson medical college hospital. However, both urography and ct urography use ionizing radiation, which involves risk to healthy tissues potentially encouraging cancer or risking birth defects. Step by step instructions on how to perform a retrograde urethrogram in an adult patient. Drip infusion pyelographyvaluable supplement to the.
High diagnostic accuracy in detecting primary and recurrent. Urography with conventional xray is known as intravenous pyelogram ivp. Jan 16, 2019 retrograde pyelography is used by many urologists to visualize the ureters and collecting system of the kidney. Retrograde pyelography uses a special dye contrast agent injected into the ureters. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Retrograde ureteropyelography article about retrograde. This is a diagnostic test for male patients with trauma injury to the urethra. Start studying urography procedural radiography of the urinary system. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1005k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The value of this form of urography for the examination of the patient with impaired renal function and for nephrotomography is confirmed. Unlike a kidneys, ureters, and bladder xray kub, which is a plain that is, noncontrast radiograph, an ivp uses contrast to highlight the urinary tract. Retrograde pyelography involves taking xrays of the kidney and ureter by injection of contrast through a ureteric stent. The dye makes the ureters and kidneys more easily seen on the xray.
Pyelolymphatic and pyelosinus backflow may also be seen on excretory urography, but neither pyelovenous nor pyelotubular can be diagnosed using this technique. Because of accuracy in diagnosis and the controlling power throughout the course of. Pdf inadvertent placement of the urinary catheter into the ureter can cause several complications. Retrogrades article about retrogrades by the free dictionary. Urography is also often performed using computed tomography ct or magnetic resonance imaging mri. Information about your procedure from the british association. The method is indicated after an unsatisfactory see figure in the pdf file urographic study and prior to retrograde pyelography. However, reporting 74420 depends on who interprets the study, and where this occurs. The flow of contrast up from the bladder to the kidney is opposite the usual outbound flow of urine, hence the retrograde moving backwards name. Role of computed tomography urography in the clinical. With the recent advances in small animal ultrason agraphy, excretory urography has become an underutilized procedure.
Rovner md, in penn clinical manual of urology, 2007. Retrograde definition of retrograde by the free dictionary. Retrograde pyelography definition of retrograde pyelography. It is well suited for outpatient use, and should reduce the need for retrograde ureteropyelography to supplement the diagnostically inconclusive intravenous pyelogram. With the recent advances in small animal ultrasonagraphy, excretory urography has become an underutilized procedure.
Excretory urography is a type of contrast study used to verify and localize upper urinary tract disease. Excellent resource for radiology residents, technologists, and radi. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. In a series of 108 children undergoing pyeloplasty, retrograde pyelography rpg did not. The urologist or radiologist may also interpret the images xray films or fluoroscopic images and report 74420 urography, retrograde, with or without kub. The procedure involves introducing contrast into the urinary system in a retrograde fashion with simultaneous imaging using dynamic fluoroscopy. Therapeutically inserted pns can be used for anterograde urography. Retrograde urography is done in specialized aseptic room like operating system, it is a combined urologicradiologic examination and carefully done under aseptic condition by the urologist, and assistance of a nurse and radiographer is needed. As adjectives the difference between retrograde and antegrade is that retrograde is directed backwards, retreating. Retrograde urography definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Ct urography and excretory urography results of the remaining 104 patients and 552 urinary tract segments were compared with histopathologic examination or followup imaging at 1 year. Retrograde urography definition of retrograde urography. However, diagnostic retrograde studies are performed rarely in obstruction, only when renal function is impaired and other imaging modalities are inconclusive, but mainly for selective urine sample collection in suspected tumor, and prior to urs and double.
In some instances, information regarding renal function and disease pathophysiology can also be obtained. The difference is that in retrograde pyelography the dye is injected directly into the ureters rather than into a vein. Urography uses imaging and contrast material to evaluate or detect blood in urine, kidney or bladder stones, and cancer in the urinary tract. Retrograde pyelography uses special contrast agent dye to produce detailed xray pictures of the ureters and kidneys. Current procedural terminology urography, retrograde.
Find out information about retrograde ureteropyelography. An intravenous pyelogram ivp, also called an intravenous urogram ivu, is a radiological procedure used to visualize abnormalities of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. An elementary text on findings in plain films and pyelographic intravenous and retrograde studies of the urinary tract. Retrograde pyelography radiology reference article. It involves the insertion of a cystoscope into the urinary. Retrograde pyelography an overview sciencedirect topics. This document is for informational purposes only and is not intended to take the place of the care and attention of your personal physician or other professional medical services. In some instances, information regarding renal function and disease patho physiology can also be obtained. April 2020 british association of urological surgeons baus limited driving after surgery.
All five types of renal backflow are well depicted on retrograde urography and result from the force of injection. This procedure is usually performed in conjunction with a cystoscopic examination and is indicated when urinary obstruction or trauma to the genitourinary system is suspected. Retrograde pyelography is used by many urologists to visualize the ureters and collecting system of the kidney. For any retrograde pyelogram, you can report 52005 for the urologists work. Braasch 1 summarized the matter well when he stated.